{"iq":[{"id":"1",
"q":"What is DevOps?",
"answer":"It is a newly emerging term in IT field, which is nothing but a practice that emphasizes the collaboration and communication of both software developers and other information-technology (IT) professionals. It focuses on delivering software product faster and lowering the failure rate of releases."
},
{"id":"2",
"q":"List the essential DevOps tools. ",
"answer":"Git\n\nJenkins\n\nSelenium\n\nPuppet\n\nChef\n\nAnsible\n\nNagios\n\nDocker\n\nMonit\n\nELK –Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana\n\nCollectd/Collect\n\nGit(GitHub)"
},
{"id":"3",
"q":"what is DevOps Toolchain ?",
"answer":"Code —code development and review, source code management tools, code merging\n\nBuild — continuous integration tools, build status\n\nTest — continuous testing tools that provide feedback on business risks\n\nPackage — artifact repository, application pre-deployment staging\n\nRelease — change management, release approvals, release automation\n\nConfigure — infrastructure configuration and management, Infrastructure as Code tools\n\nMonitor — applications performance monitoring, end–user experience\n\nSome categories are more essential in a DevOps toolchain than others; especially continuous integration (e.g. Jenkins) and infrastructure as code (e.g. Puppet)."
},
{"id":"4",
"q":"What different types of testing need to be carried out on a software system, and what tools would you use to achieve this testing?",
"answer":"Well for starters, you probably would want to test that your configurations are correct before and after making changes. Maybe you should try out ScriptRock."
},
{"id":"5",
"q":"What are the advantages of DevOps ?",
"answer":"Software delivery is continuous.\n\nReduces Complexity in problems.\n\nFaster approach to resolve problems\n\nManpower is reduced."
},
{"id":"6",
"q":"The scope for SSH?",
"answer":"SSH is a Secure Shell which provides users with a secure, encrypted mechanism to log into systems and transfer files.\n\nTo log out a remote machine and work on command line.\n\nTo secure encrypted communications between two hosts over an insecure network. "
},
{"id":"7",
"q":" Which are the areas where DevOps are implemented?",
"answer":" Production Development Creation of the production feedback and its development IT Operations development "
},
{"id":"8",
"q":"List the agile methodology of DevOps?",
"answer":"DevOps is a process\n\nAgile is same as DevOps.\n\nSeparate group for are framed.\n\nIt is problem solving.\n\nDevelopers managing production\n\nDevOps is development-driven release management"
},
{"id":"9",
"q":"Explain which scripting language is most important for a DevOps engineer?",
"answer":"A simpler scripting language will be better for a DevOps engineer. Python seems to be very popular."
},
{"id":"10",
"q":"Explain how DevOps is helpful to developers?",
"answer":"DevOps can be helpful to developers to fix the bug and implement new features quickly. It also helps for clearer communication between the team members."
},
{"id":"11",
"q":"What is agile development and Scrum ?",
"answer":"Agile development used as an alternative to Waterfall development practice. In Agile, the development process is more iterative and incremental, there is more testing and feedback at every stage of development as opposed to only the last stage in Waterfall.\n\nScrum is used to manage complex software and product development, using iterative and incremental practices. Scrum has three roles ie product owner, scrum master, and team."
},
{"id":"12",
"q":" Can we consider DevOps as an agile methodology ?",
"answer":"DevOps is a movement to reconcile and synchronize development and production start through a set of good practices . Its emergence is motivated by a deep changing demands of business, who want to speed up the changes to stick closer to the requirements of business and the customer."
},
{"id":"13",
"q":"What is DevOps engineer's duty with regards to Agile development?",
"answer":"DevOps engineer work very closely with Agile development teams to ensure they have an environment necessary to support functions such as automated testing, continuous Integration and continuous Delivery. DevOps engineer must be in constant contact with the developers and make all required parts of environment work seamlessly."
},
{"id":"14",
"q":"What is the function of CI (Continuous Integration) server ?",
"answer":"CI server function is to continuously integrate all changes being made and committed to repository by different developers and check for compile errors. It needs to build code several times a day, preferably after every commit so it can detect which commit made the breakage if the breakage happens."
},
{"id":"15",
"q":"What is Kubernetes? Explain?",
"answer":"It is massively scalable tool for managing containers, made by Google. It is used internally on huge deployments and because of that it is maybe the best option for production use of containers. It supports self healing by restating non responsive containers, it pack containers in a way that they take less resources and has many other great features."
},
{"id":"16",
"q":"What is Continuous Delivery ? ",
"answer":"Is it practice of delivering the software for testing as soon as it is build by CI (Continuous Integration) server's. It requires heavy use of Versioning Control System for so always available to developers and testers alike. "
},
{"id":"17",
"q":"What is Vagrant and what is it used for ?",
"answer":"Vagrant is a tool that can create and manage virtualized (or containerized) environments for testing and developing software. At first, Vagrant used virtualbox as the hypervisor for virtual environments, but now it supports also KVM. "
},
{"id":"18",
"q":" Mention at what instance have you used the SSH?",
"answer":"I have used SSH to log into a remote machine and work on the command line. Beside this, I have also used it to tunnel into the system in order to facilitate secure encrypted communications between two untrusted hosts over an insecure network."
},
{"id":"19",
"q":"Explain how would you handle revision (version) control?",
"answer":" My approach to handle revision control would be to post the code on SourceForge or GitHub so everyone can view it. Also, I will post the checklist from the last revision to make sure that any unsolved issues are resolved."
},
{"id":"20",
"q":" How we can make sure new service is ready for the products launched?",
"answer":"Backup System\n\nRecovery plans\n\nLoad Balancing\n\nMonitoring\n\nCentralized logging"
},
{"id":"21",
"q":"What are the benefits of the NoSQL?",
"answer":"Non-relational and schema-less data model Low latency and high performance Highly scalable "
},
{"id":"22",
"q":"What are adoptions of DevOps in industry?",
"answer":"Use of agile and other development processes and methods .\n\nDemand for an increased rate of production releases from application and business.\n\nWide availability of virtual and cloud infrastructure from both internal and external providers;\n\nIncreased usage of data center ,automation and configuration management tools;\n\nIncreased focus on test automation and continuous integration methods;\n\nBest practices on critical issues. "
},
{"id":"23",
"q":"Explain how the implementation of “Infrastructure as code” is processed or executed in terms of AWS.?",
"answer":"The code will be in the simple JSON format.\n\nThis JSON code is well organized into files called templates.\n\nThis templates are deployed on AWS and then further managed as stacks\n\nCloud Formation service will help in doing the Creating, deleting, updating, etc. operation in the stack."
},{"id":"24",
"q":" What measures we have taken to handle revision (version) control? ",
"answer":"To handle revision control, post your code on SourceForge or GitHub so everyone can view it and ask the viewers to give suggestions for the better improvement of it."
},{"id":"25",
"q":"Whether your video card can run Unity how would you know? ",
"answer":"you can use command /usr/lib/nux/unity_support_test-p it will give detailed output about Unity’s requirements and if they are met, then your video card can run unity."
},{"id":"26",
"q":"Explain how to enable startup sound in Ubuntu?",
"answer":"Click control gear and then click on Startup Applications \n\nIn the Startup Application Preferences window, click Add to add an entry\n\nThen fill the information in comment box like Name, Command and Comment\n\n/usr/bin/canberra-gtk-play—id= “desktop-login”—description= “play login sound”\n\nLogout and then login once you are done\n\nYou can also open it with shortcut key Ctrl+Alt+T."
},{"id":"27",
"q":" What is the quicker way to open an Ubuntu terminal in a particular directory?",
"answer":"To open Ubuntu terminal in a particular directory you can use custom keyboard short cut.\n\nTo do that, in the command field of a new custom keyboard , type genome – terminal – – working – directory = /path/to/dir. "
},{"id":"28",
"q":"How do you squash last N commits into a single commit? ",
"answer":"There are two options to squash last N commits into a single commit. Include both of the below mentioned options in your answer:\n\nIf you want to write the new commit message from scratch use the following command\n\ngit reset –soft HEAD~N &&\n\ngit commit\n\nIf you want to start editing the new commit message with a concatenation of the existing commit messages then you need to extract those messages and pass them to Git commit for that I will use\n\ngit reset –soft HEAD~N &&\n\ngit commit –edit -m”$(git log –format=%B –reverse .HEAD@{N})”"
},{"id":"29",
"q":" What is meant by Continuous Integration?",
"answer":"It is a development practice that requires developers to integrate code into a shared repository several times a day. Each check-in is then verified by an automated build, allowing teams to detect problems early."
},{"id":"30",
"q":"Why do you need a Continuous Integration of Dev & Testing? ",
"answer":"Continuous Integration of Dev and Testing improves the quality of software, and reduces the time taken to deliver it, by replacing the traditional practice of testing after completing all development. It allows Dev team to easily detect and locate problems early because developers need to integrate code into a shared repository several times a day (more frequently). Each check-in is then automatically tested."
},{"id":"31",
"q":"Explain how can create a backup and copy files in Jenkins? ",
"answer":"Answer to this question is really direct. To create a backup, all you need to do is to periodically back up your JENKINS_HOME directory. This contains all of your build jobs configurations, your slave node configurations, and your build history. To create a back-up of your Jenkins setup, just copy this directory. You can also copy a job directory to clone or replicate a job or rename the directory."
},{"id":"32",
"q":"Mention some of the useful plugins in Jenkins.?",
"answer":"Maven 2 project\n\nAmazon EC2\n\nHTML publisher\n\nCopy artifact\n\nJoin\n\nGreen Balls "
},{"id":"33",
"q":"How will you secure Jenkins?",
"answer":"Ensure global security is on.\n\nEnsure that Jenkins is integrated with my company’s user directory with appropriate plugin.\n\nEnsure that matrix/Project matrix is enabled to fine tune access.\n\nAutomate the process of setting rights/privileges in Jenkins with custom version controlled script.\n\nLimit physical access to Jenkins data/folders.\n\nPeriodically run security audits on same."
},
{"id":"34",
"q":"What is OpenStack ?",
"answer":"OpenStack is often called Cloud Operating System, and that is not far from the truth. It is the complete environment for deploying IaaS which gives you possibility of making your own cloud similar to AWS. It is highly modular and consists of many sub-projects so you can pick and chose which functionality you need. OpenStack distribution are available from Red Hat, Mirantis, HPE, Oracle, Canonical and many others. It is completely open source project but some vendors make proprietary distributions."
},{"id":"35",
"q":" What are easiest ways to build a small cloud ?",
"answer":"VMfest is one one of the options for making IaaS cloud from VirtualBox VMs in no time. If you want a lightweight PaaS there is Dokku which is basically a bash script that makes PaaS out of Dokku containers."
},{"id":"36",
"q":"What is EC2 ?",
"answer":"Amazon EC2 Container Service (ECS) is a highly scalable container management service and high performance that supports the Docker containers and allows you to easily run applications on a cluster managed by Amazon EC2 instances.\n\nThe EC2 service is inseparable from the concept of Amazon Machine Image - AMI . The May is Indeed the image of a virtual machine That Will Be Executed . EC2 based on XEN virtualization , that's why it is quite easy to move XEN servers to EC2 ."
},{"id":"37",
"q":"What is CoreOS, and what are alternatives ?",
"answer":"CoreOS is striped down linux distribution meant for running containters, mainly with its own rkt format but others are also supported. It was initially based on ChromeOS and supported Docker. The alternatives to this are canonical's ubuntu snappy or red hat enterprise linux atomic host. Of course, Containers can also be ran on regular Linux system."
},{"id":"38",
"q":" What is Kickstart ?",
"answer":"It is a way to install Red Hat based systems by automated way. During manual install process, Anaconda installer creates file anaconda-ks.cfg which then can be used with system-config-kickstart tool to install same configuration automatically on multiple systems."
},{"id":"39",
"q":"What are tools for network monitoring? List few",
"answer":"Nagios, Icinga 2, OpenNMS, Splunk and Wireshark. Those tools are used to monitor network traffic, network quality and detect network problems even before they arise. Of those listed, only Splunk is proprietary other are open source."
},{"id":"40",
"q":" What is Juju ?",
"answer":"Juju is orchestration tool primarily for ubuntu for management, provision and configuration on Ubuntu systems. It is was initially written in Python and since have been rewritten in Go."
},{"id":"41",
"q":" Give me an examples of how you would handle projects ?",
"answer":"As a DevOps engineer, I would demonstrate a clear understanding of DevOps project management tactics and also work with teams to set objectives, streamline workflow, maintain scope, research and introduce new tools or frameworks, translate requirements into workflow and follow up. I would resort to CI, release management and other tools to keep interdisciplinary projects on track."
},{"id":"42",
"q":" What is post mortem meetings ?",
"answer":"It is a meeting where we discuss what went wrong and what steps should be taken so that failure doesn't happen again. Post mortem meetings are not about finding the one to be blamed, they are for preventing outages from reoccurring and planing redesign of the infrastructure so that downtime can be minimised. It is about learning from mistakes."
},{"id":"43",
"q":"What you know about serverless model ?·",
"answer":" Serverless refers to a model where the existence of servers is hidden from developers. It means you no longer have to deal with capacity, deployments, scaling and fault tolerance and OS. It will essentially reducing maintenance efforts and allow developers to quickly focus on developing codes."
},{"id":"44",
"q":"Explain how you can minimize the Memcached server outages?",
"answer":"When one instance fails, several of them goes down, this will put larger load on the database server when lost data is reloaded as client make a request. To avoid this, if your code has been written to minimize cache stampedes then it will leave a minimal impact\n\n• Another way is to bring up an instance of Memcached on a new machine using the lost machines IP address\n\n• Code is another option to minimize server outages as it gives you the liberty to change the Memcached server list with minimal work\n\n• Setting timeout value is another option that some Memcached clients implement for Memcached server outage. When your Memcached server goes down, the client will keep trying to send a request till the time-out limit is reached."
},{"id":"45",
"q":"Explain what is Dogpile effect? How can you prevent this effect?",
"answer":"Dogpile effect is referred to the event when cache expires, and websites are hit by the multiple requests made by the client at the same time. This effect can be prevented by using semaphore lock. In this system when value expires, first process acquires the lock and starts generating new value."
},{"id":"46",
"q":"Which are the areas where DevOps are implemented?",
"answer":"Production Development\n\nIT Operations development\n\nCreation of the production feedback and its development "
},{"id":"47",
"q":" Listout the agile methodology of DevOps.",
"answer":" DevOps is a process\n\nAgile is same as DevOps.\n\nSeparate group for are framed.\n\nIt is problem solving.\n\nDevelopers managing production\n\nDevOps is development-driven release management"
},{"id":"48",
"q":" Why is Continuous Testing important for DevOps?",
"answer":"“Continuous Testing allows any change made in the code to be tested immediately. This avoids the problems created by having “big-bang” testing left to the end of the cycle such as release delays and quality issues. In this way, Continuous Testing facilitates more frequent and good quality releases.”"
},{"id":"49",
"q":" How to launch Browser using WebDriver?",
"answer":"WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();\n\nWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\n\nWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();"
},{"id":"50",
"q":"How do you squash last N commits into a single commit?",
"answer":"If you want to write the new commit message from scratch use the following command\n\ngit reset –soft HEAD~N &&\n\ngit commit\n\nIf you want to start editing the new commit message with a concatenation of the existing commit messages then you need to extract those messages and pass them to Git commit for that I will use\n\ngit reset –soft HEAD~N &&\n\ngit commit –edit -m”$(git log –format=%B –reverse .HEAD@{N})”"
}
]
}
"q":"What is DevOps?",
"answer":"It is a newly emerging term in IT field, which is nothing but a practice that emphasizes the collaboration and communication of both software developers and other information-technology (IT) professionals. It focuses on delivering software product faster and lowering the failure rate of releases."
},
{"id":"2",
"q":"List the essential DevOps tools. ",
"answer":"Git\n\nJenkins\n\nSelenium\n\nPuppet\n\nChef\n\nAnsible\n\nNagios\n\nDocker\n\nMonit\n\nELK –Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana\n\nCollectd/Collect\n\nGit(GitHub)"
},
{"id":"3",
"q":"what is DevOps Toolchain ?",
"answer":"Code —code development and review, source code management tools, code merging\n\nBuild — continuous integration tools, build status\n\nTest — continuous testing tools that provide feedback on business risks\n\nPackage — artifact repository, application pre-deployment staging\n\nRelease — change management, release approvals, release automation\n\nConfigure — infrastructure configuration and management, Infrastructure as Code tools\n\nMonitor — applications performance monitoring, end–user experience\n\nSome categories are more essential in a DevOps toolchain than others; especially continuous integration (e.g. Jenkins) and infrastructure as code (e.g. Puppet)."
},
{"id":"4",
"q":"What different types of testing need to be carried out on a software system, and what tools would you use to achieve this testing?",
"answer":"Well for starters, you probably would want to test that your configurations are correct before and after making changes. Maybe you should try out ScriptRock."
},
{"id":"5",
"q":"What are the advantages of DevOps ?",
"answer":"Software delivery is continuous.\n\nReduces Complexity in problems.\n\nFaster approach to resolve problems\n\nManpower is reduced."
},
{"id":"6",
"q":"The scope for SSH?",
"answer":"SSH is a Secure Shell which provides users with a secure, encrypted mechanism to log into systems and transfer files.\n\nTo log out a remote machine and work on command line.\n\nTo secure encrypted communications between two hosts over an insecure network. "
},
{"id":"7",
"q":" Which are the areas where DevOps are implemented?",
"answer":" Production Development Creation of the production feedback and its development IT Operations development "
},
{"id":"8",
"q":"List the agile methodology of DevOps?",
"answer":"DevOps is a process\n\nAgile is same as DevOps.\n\nSeparate group for are framed.\n\nIt is problem solving.\n\nDevelopers managing production\n\nDevOps is development-driven release management"
},
{"id":"9",
"q":"Explain which scripting language is most important for a DevOps engineer?",
"answer":"A simpler scripting language will be better for a DevOps engineer. Python seems to be very popular."
},
{"id":"10",
"q":"Explain how DevOps is helpful to developers?",
"answer":"DevOps can be helpful to developers to fix the bug and implement new features quickly. It also helps for clearer communication between the team members."
},
{"id":"11",
"q":"What is agile development and Scrum ?",
"answer":"Agile development used as an alternative to Waterfall development practice. In Agile, the development process is more iterative and incremental, there is more testing and feedback at every stage of development as opposed to only the last stage in Waterfall.\n\nScrum is used to manage complex software and product development, using iterative and incremental practices. Scrum has three roles ie product owner, scrum master, and team."
},
{"id":"12",
"q":" Can we consider DevOps as an agile methodology ?",
"answer":"DevOps is a movement to reconcile and synchronize development and production start through a set of good practices . Its emergence is motivated by a deep changing demands of business, who want to speed up the changes to stick closer to the requirements of business and the customer."
},
{"id":"13",
"q":"What is DevOps engineer's duty with regards to Agile development?",
"answer":"DevOps engineer work very closely with Agile development teams to ensure they have an environment necessary to support functions such as automated testing, continuous Integration and continuous Delivery. DevOps engineer must be in constant contact with the developers and make all required parts of environment work seamlessly."
},
{"id":"14",
"q":"What is the function of CI (Continuous Integration) server ?",
"answer":"CI server function is to continuously integrate all changes being made and committed to repository by different developers and check for compile errors. It needs to build code several times a day, preferably after every commit so it can detect which commit made the breakage if the breakage happens."
},
{"id":"15",
"q":"What is Kubernetes? Explain?",
"answer":"It is massively scalable tool for managing containers, made by Google. It is used internally on huge deployments and because of that it is maybe the best option for production use of containers. It supports self healing by restating non responsive containers, it pack containers in a way that they take less resources and has many other great features."
},
{"id":"16",
"q":"What is Continuous Delivery ? ",
"answer":"Is it practice of delivering the software for testing as soon as it is build by CI (Continuous Integration) server's. It requires heavy use of Versioning Control System for so always available to developers and testers alike. "
},
{"id":"17",
"q":"What is Vagrant and what is it used for ?",
"answer":"Vagrant is a tool that can create and manage virtualized (or containerized) environments for testing and developing software. At first, Vagrant used virtualbox as the hypervisor for virtual environments, but now it supports also KVM. "
},
{"id":"18",
"q":" Mention at what instance have you used the SSH?",
"answer":"I have used SSH to log into a remote machine and work on the command line. Beside this, I have also used it to tunnel into the system in order to facilitate secure encrypted communications between two untrusted hosts over an insecure network."
},
{"id":"19",
"q":"Explain how would you handle revision (version) control?",
"answer":" My approach to handle revision control would be to post the code on SourceForge or GitHub so everyone can view it. Also, I will post the checklist from the last revision to make sure that any unsolved issues are resolved."
},
{"id":"20",
"q":" How we can make sure new service is ready for the products launched?",
"answer":"Backup System\n\nRecovery plans\n\nLoad Balancing\n\nMonitoring\n\nCentralized logging"
},
{"id":"21",
"q":"What are the benefits of the NoSQL?",
"answer":"Non-relational and schema-less data model Low latency and high performance Highly scalable "
},
{"id":"22",
"q":"What are adoptions of DevOps in industry?",
"answer":"Use of agile and other development processes and methods .\n\nDemand for an increased rate of production releases from application and business.\n\nWide availability of virtual and cloud infrastructure from both internal and external providers;\n\nIncreased usage of data center ,automation and configuration management tools;\n\nIncreased focus on test automation and continuous integration methods;\n\nBest practices on critical issues. "
},
{"id":"23",
"q":"Explain how the implementation of “Infrastructure as code” is processed or executed in terms of AWS.?",
"answer":"The code will be in the simple JSON format.\n\nThis JSON code is well organized into files called templates.\n\nThis templates are deployed on AWS and then further managed as stacks\n\nCloud Formation service will help in doing the Creating, deleting, updating, etc. operation in the stack."
},{"id":"24",
"q":" What measures we have taken to handle revision (version) control? ",
"answer":"To handle revision control, post your code on SourceForge or GitHub so everyone can view it and ask the viewers to give suggestions for the better improvement of it."
},{"id":"25",
"q":"Whether your video card can run Unity how would you know? ",
"answer":"you can use command /usr/lib/nux/unity_support_test-p it will give detailed output about Unity’s requirements and if they are met, then your video card can run unity."
},{"id":"26",
"q":"Explain how to enable startup sound in Ubuntu?",
"answer":"Click control gear and then click on Startup Applications \n\nIn the Startup Application Preferences window, click Add to add an entry\n\nThen fill the information in comment box like Name, Command and Comment\n\n/usr/bin/canberra-gtk-play—id= “desktop-login”—description= “play login sound”\n\nLogout and then login once you are done\n\nYou can also open it with shortcut key Ctrl+Alt+T."
},{"id":"27",
"q":" What is the quicker way to open an Ubuntu terminal in a particular directory?",
"answer":"To open Ubuntu terminal in a particular directory you can use custom keyboard short cut.\n\nTo do that, in the command field of a new custom keyboard , type genome – terminal – – working – directory = /path/to/dir. "
},{"id":"28",
"q":"How do you squash last N commits into a single commit? ",
"answer":"There are two options to squash last N commits into a single commit. Include both of the below mentioned options in your answer:\n\nIf you want to write the new commit message from scratch use the following command\n\ngit reset –soft HEAD~N &&\n\ngit commit\n\nIf you want to start editing the new commit message with a concatenation of the existing commit messages then you need to extract those messages and pass them to Git commit for that I will use\n\ngit reset –soft HEAD~N &&\n\ngit commit –edit -m”$(git log –format=%B –reverse .HEAD@{N})”"
},{"id":"29",
"q":" What is meant by Continuous Integration?",
"answer":"It is a development practice that requires developers to integrate code into a shared repository several times a day. Each check-in is then verified by an automated build, allowing teams to detect problems early."
},{"id":"30",
"q":"Why do you need a Continuous Integration of Dev & Testing? ",
"answer":"Continuous Integration of Dev and Testing improves the quality of software, and reduces the time taken to deliver it, by replacing the traditional practice of testing after completing all development. It allows Dev team to easily detect and locate problems early because developers need to integrate code into a shared repository several times a day (more frequently). Each check-in is then automatically tested."
},{"id":"31",
"q":"Explain how can create a backup and copy files in Jenkins? ",
"answer":"Answer to this question is really direct. To create a backup, all you need to do is to periodically back up your JENKINS_HOME directory. This contains all of your build jobs configurations, your slave node configurations, and your build history. To create a back-up of your Jenkins setup, just copy this directory. You can also copy a job directory to clone or replicate a job or rename the directory."
},{"id":"32",
"q":"Mention some of the useful plugins in Jenkins.?",
"answer":"Maven 2 project\n\nAmazon EC2\n\nHTML publisher\n\nCopy artifact\n\nJoin\n\nGreen Balls "
},{"id":"33",
"q":"How will you secure Jenkins?",
"answer":"Ensure global security is on.\n\nEnsure that Jenkins is integrated with my company’s user directory with appropriate plugin.\n\nEnsure that matrix/Project matrix is enabled to fine tune access.\n\nAutomate the process of setting rights/privileges in Jenkins with custom version controlled script.\n\nLimit physical access to Jenkins data/folders.\n\nPeriodically run security audits on same."
},
{"id":"34",
"q":"What is OpenStack ?",
"answer":"OpenStack is often called Cloud Operating System, and that is not far from the truth. It is the complete environment for deploying IaaS which gives you possibility of making your own cloud similar to AWS. It is highly modular and consists of many sub-projects so you can pick and chose which functionality you need. OpenStack distribution are available from Red Hat, Mirantis, HPE, Oracle, Canonical and many others. It is completely open source project but some vendors make proprietary distributions."
},{"id":"35",
"q":" What are easiest ways to build a small cloud ?",
"answer":"VMfest is one one of the options for making IaaS cloud from VirtualBox VMs in no time. If you want a lightweight PaaS there is Dokku which is basically a bash script that makes PaaS out of Dokku containers."
},{"id":"36",
"q":"What is EC2 ?",
"answer":"Amazon EC2 Container Service (ECS) is a highly scalable container management service and high performance that supports the Docker containers and allows you to easily run applications on a cluster managed by Amazon EC2 instances.\n\nThe EC2 service is inseparable from the concept of Amazon Machine Image - AMI . The May is Indeed the image of a virtual machine That Will Be Executed . EC2 based on XEN virtualization , that's why it is quite easy to move XEN servers to EC2 ."
},{"id":"37",
"q":"What is CoreOS, and what are alternatives ?",
"answer":"CoreOS is striped down linux distribution meant for running containters, mainly with its own rkt format but others are also supported. It was initially based on ChromeOS and supported Docker. The alternatives to this are canonical's ubuntu snappy or red hat enterprise linux atomic host. Of course, Containers can also be ran on regular Linux system."
},{"id":"38",
"q":" What is Kickstart ?",
"answer":"It is a way to install Red Hat based systems by automated way. During manual install process, Anaconda installer creates file anaconda-ks.cfg which then can be used with system-config-kickstart tool to install same configuration automatically on multiple systems."
},{"id":"39",
"q":"What are tools for network monitoring? List few",
"answer":"Nagios, Icinga 2, OpenNMS, Splunk and Wireshark. Those tools are used to monitor network traffic, network quality and detect network problems even before they arise. Of those listed, only Splunk is proprietary other are open source."
},{"id":"40",
"q":" What is Juju ?",
"answer":"Juju is orchestration tool primarily for ubuntu for management, provision and configuration on Ubuntu systems. It is was initially written in Python and since have been rewritten in Go."
},{"id":"41",
"q":" Give me an examples of how you would handle projects ?",
"answer":"As a DevOps engineer, I would demonstrate a clear understanding of DevOps project management tactics and also work with teams to set objectives, streamline workflow, maintain scope, research and introduce new tools or frameworks, translate requirements into workflow and follow up. I would resort to CI, release management and other tools to keep interdisciplinary projects on track."
},{"id":"42",
"q":" What is post mortem meetings ?",
"answer":"It is a meeting where we discuss what went wrong and what steps should be taken so that failure doesn't happen again. Post mortem meetings are not about finding the one to be blamed, they are for preventing outages from reoccurring and planing redesign of the infrastructure so that downtime can be minimised. It is about learning from mistakes."
},{"id":"43",
"q":"What you know about serverless model ?·",
"answer":" Serverless refers to a model where the existence of servers is hidden from developers. It means you no longer have to deal with capacity, deployments, scaling and fault tolerance and OS. It will essentially reducing maintenance efforts and allow developers to quickly focus on developing codes."
},{"id":"44",
"q":"Explain how you can minimize the Memcached server outages?",
"answer":"When one instance fails, several of them goes down, this will put larger load on the database server when lost data is reloaded as client make a request. To avoid this, if your code has been written to minimize cache stampedes then it will leave a minimal impact\n\n• Another way is to bring up an instance of Memcached on a new machine using the lost machines IP address\n\n• Code is another option to minimize server outages as it gives you the liberty to change the Memcached server list with minimal work\n\n• Setting timeout value is another option that some Memcached clients implement for Memcached server outage. When your Memcached server goes down, the client will keep trying to send a request till the time-out limit is reached."
},{"id":"45",
"q":"Explain what is Dogpile effect? How can you prevent this effect?",
"answer":"Dogpile effect is referred to the event when cache expires, and websites are hit by the multiple requests made by the client at the same time. This effect can be prevented by using semaphore lock. In this system when value expires, first process acquires the lock and starts generating new value."
},{"id":"46",
"q":"Which are the areas where DevOps are implemented?",
"answer":"Production Development\n\nIT Operations development\n\nCreation of the production feedback and its development "
},{"id":"47",
"q":" Listout the agile methodology of DevOps.",
"answer":" DevOps is a process\n\nAgile is same as DevOps.\n\nSeparate group for are framed.\n\nIt is problem solving.\n\nDevelopers managing production\n\nDevOps is development-driven release management"
},{"id":"48",
"q":" Why is Continuous Testing important for DevOps?",
"answer":"“Continuous Testing allows any change made in the code to be tested immediately. This avoids the problems created by having “big-bang” testing left to the end of the cycle such as release delays and quality issues. In this way, Continuous Testing facilitates more frequent and good quality releases.”"
},{"id":"49",
"q":" How to launch Browser using WebDriver?",
"answer":"WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();\n\nWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();\n\nWebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();"
},{"id":"50",
"q":"How do you squash last N commits into a single commit?",
"answer":"If you want to write the new commit message from scratch use the following command\n\ngit reset –soft HEAD~N &&\n\ngit commit\n\nIf you want to start editing the new commit message with a concatenation of the existing commit messages then you need to extract those messages and pass them to Git commit for that I will use\n\ngit reset –soft HEAD~N &&\n\ngit commit –edit -m”$(git log –format=%B –reverse .HEAD@{N})”"
}
]
}